What type of TB is resistant to all fluoroquinolones and at least one injectable second-line drug?

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is characterized by resistance to all fluoroquinolones and at least one injectable second-line drug, which makes it one of the most challenging forms of tuberculosis to treat. This level of resistance occurs after standard tuberculosis regimens have failed, and it poses significant treatment challenges, as effective options are extremely limited. The combination of resistance to both first-line and crucial second-line treatments often results in a higher risk of treatment failure and worse patient outcomes. The identification of XDR-TB is critical for guiding treatment decisions and public health responses, stressing the importance of appropriate diagnostic techniques and monitoring of drug resistance patterns in tuberculosis management.