What is a common side effect of antibiotic use in female patients?

Vaginal candidiasis is a common side effect of antibiotic use in female patients due to the disruption of the normal flora in the vaginal environment. Antibiotics are designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause infections; however, they can also affect beneficial bacteria that help maintain a balanced microbiome. When these beneficial bacteria are reduced, there is less competition against opportunistic pathogens like Candida, a type of yeast, which can lead to an overgrowth and result in a yeast infection. This condition can cause symptoms such as itching, discomfort, and abnormal discharge, making it a recognized side effect of antibiotic therapy in women.