What do protease inhibitors cause as a side effect in HIV treatment?

Protease inhibitors are a class of antiviral drugs that are commonly used in the treatment of HIV. A notable side effect associated with these medications is fat redistribution. This condition often manifests as changes in body fat distribution, leading to an increase in fat accumulation in certain areas such as the abdomen and back of the neck (sometimes referred to as "buffalo hump"), while other areas may experience a decrease in fat.

The mechanisms behind this side effect are linked to how protease inhibitors interact with various metabolic pathways in the body, leading to alterations in lipid metabolism. This fat redistribution effect is part of a broader spectrum of metabolic complications that can occur with long-term use of these medications. Understanding this side effect is crucial for healthcare providers and patients in managing and mitigating the physical impacts of HIV treatment.