What are the primary side effects associated with aminoglycosides?

The primary side effects associated with aminoglycosides prominently include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage, which can occur in patients receiving aminoglycoside treatment, particularly with prolonged use or higher doses. This side effect is a significant concern because it can lead to acute kidney injury, necessitating careful monitoring of kidney function during therapy.

Ototoxicity is another critical side effect, which can manifest as hearing loss or balance issues due to the drug's impact on the inner ear. This effect is dose-dependent, and certain populations, like those with pre-existing renal impairment, may be at a higher risk for developing these adverse effects. Cumulatively, these side effects underscore the importance of cautious use of aminoglycosides, with regular monitoring for signs of toxicity to mitigate risks.