A group of students is traveling to a chloroquine-resistant malaria area. Which medication is appropriate for both prevention and treatment of malaria?

Atovaquone-proguanil, commonly known as Malarone, is a combination medication that is effective for both the prevention and treatment of malaria, particularly in areas where chloroquine resistance is prevalent. This makes it a suitable choice for travelers heading to regions with chloroquine-resistant strains.

Atovaquone works by inhibiting the mitochondrial function of the malaria parasite, while proguanil acts by inhibiting folate synthesis, creating a dual-action effect that enhances its efficacy in treating and preventing the disease. This combination not only provides protection before exposure to malaria but can also be used for effective treatment if infection occurs during the trip.

In comparison, while mefloquine is also used for prevention and treatment, it is not as effective for certain malaria strains as Atovaquone-proguanil and carries the risk of neuropsychiatric side effects. Chloroquine is ineffective in chloroquine-resistant areas for prevention or treatment. Primaquine, while effective for preventing relapse of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, is not effective for preventing or treating acute attacks of malaria and has specific contraindications, such as its use in individuals with G6PD deficiency.